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微生物代谢产物中的许多组分可以有效地改善油藏中束缚油的流动性，从而提高原油采收率。这些代谢产物包括表面活性剂、溶剂、可溶气体、酸类和聚合物。这种微生物提高采收率的方法与其它提高采收率（EOR）技术相类似。生物表面活性剂、溶剂、可溶气体和酸在多孔介质中能够降低原油粘度，增加原油流动性；生物聚合物能够改变多孔介质的渗透率，近年来已经应用它来进行调剖；一些微生物能代谢分解原油中的某些成分，有人认为这是微生物提高采收率的机理之－。目前，应用于提高重油采收率的微生物作业方法几乎没有。但是研究表明，一些微生物方法不仅可以经济有效地开采轻质原油，而且对重油的开采也具有广阔的前景。其中，应用产气和溶剂的菌种降低原油粘度的方法可能是最有效和最有潜力的。早期的矿场试验表明，产溶剂和产气菌与产表面活活性剂菌种混合使用，能够有效地提高中质原油的采收率。本文给出了微生物提高重油采收率的室内研究结果。
Many components of the microbial metabolites can effectively improve the fluidity of the bound oil in the reservoir, thereby enhancing the recovery of crude oil. These metabolites include surfactants, solvents, soluble gases, acids and polymers. The method by which this microorganism increases oil recovery is similar to other Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technologies. Biosurfactants, solvents, soluble gases and acids reduce the viscosity of crude oil in porous media and increase the fluidity of crude oil. Biopolymers can change the permeability of porous media and have been used for profile control in recent years. Some microbial Metabolism breaks down some of the ingredients in crude oil, some think it is the mechanism by which microorganisms increase oil recovery. Currently, there are few microbial methods of application for improving heavy oil recovery. However, research shows that some microbial methods can not only economically and economically exploit light crude oil, but also have broad prospects for the production of heavy oil. Among them, the use of gas-producing and solvent bacteria to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil may be the most effective and most promising. Early field tests showed that the combination of solvent-producing and gas-producing bacteria with surfactant-producing bacteria could effectively increase the recovery of medium-quality crude oil. In this paper, we present the results of an in-house study on microbial enhanced oil recovery.