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本实验采用核分裂相与增殖细胞核抗原（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｎｇｃｅｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒａｎｔｉｇｅｎ，ＰＣＮＡ）免疫组化染色阳性细胞作为指标，观察大鼠子宫内膜对不同剂量戊酸雌二醇的增殖反应，为激素替代治疗预防子宫内膜增生提供科学依据。实验选择成年ＳＤ雌性大鼠４０只作为动物模型，分为７组，分别给予不同剂量的戊酸雌二醇和安慰剂，２４小时后观察子宫内膜上皮细胞核分裂与ＰＣＮＡ染色情况。结果：对照组，子宫内膜腔上皮细胞与腺上皮细胞基本无核分裂及ＰＣＮＡ着色；给药组，在实验用的几个剂量中，子宫内膜腔上皮细胞与腺上皮细胞核分裂率及ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞率随戊酸雌二醇剂量增加而递增，与剂量呈线性关系。在戊酸雌二醇８００μｇ／ｋｇ剂量组，核分裂率及ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞率最明显。统计结果表明戊酸雌二醇剂量与核分裂率及ＰＣＮＡ染色阳性细胞率显著相关，两项指标之间在判断内膜细胞增生时亦呈显著性相关，表明ＰＣＮＡ染色阳性细胞率与细胞核分裂率同样具有良好的可靠性，为进一步观察内膜增殖情况奠定基础。
In this study, we used immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as an indicator to observe the proliferative response of rat endometrium to different doses of estradiol valerate, and used hormone replacement therapy to prevent endometrial hyperplasia Provide a scientific basis. Forty adult SD female rats were selected as experimental animals and divided into 7 groups. The rats were given different doses of estradiol valerate and placebo respectively. 24 hours later, the nuclear fission and PCNA staining of endometrial epithelial cells were observed. Results: The control group, endometrial luminal epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cells basically no mitosis and PCNA staining; administration group, in the experimental dose, endometrial luminal epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cell mitosis and PCNA positive The cell ratio increased with the dose of estradiol valerate, which was linear with the dose. In the estradiol valerate 800μg / kg dose group, the rate of mitosis and PCNA positive cells was the most obvious. The statistical results showed that the dosage of estradiol valerate was significantly correlated with the rate of mitosis and the rate of PCNA-positive cells, and the two indexes were also significantly correlated in judging the proliferation of endometrial cells, indicating that the rate of PCNA-positive cells was the same as that of nuclei With good reliability, lay the foundation for further observation of intimal proliferation.