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女性是否比男性更清廉?学界一直存在两种看法:一种认为女性是更加清廉的性别;另一种则认为女性并不必然比男性更加清廉,其清廉与否取决于具体的制度文化环境。通过对中国公职人员进行腐败容忍度问卷调查发现:女性对政府腐败现象的容忍度整体低于男性;对参与机会和网络较多的微小腐败,女性容忍度仍低于男性,但两性间的差异变小;女性对“权色交易”腐败行为的容忍度显著低于男性,且是所有政府具体腐败行为中两性腐败容忍度差值最大的一项。这种差异并不表明女性作为先天的性别就更清廉,而是在性别体制与文化建构中形成的。这对当今中国反腐制度设计具有某些启示意义。
Whether women are more honest than men? There have been two views in academia: one is that women are more incorruptible; the other is that women are not necessarily more incorruptible than men. Their integrity depends on the specific institutional and cultural environment. Through the questionnaire survey on the tolerance of corruption in public servants in China, it is found that the female tolerance of government corruption is lower than that of men as a whole. For the small corruption with more participation opportunities and network, the tolerance of women is still lower than that of men, but the difference between the sexes Women’s tolerance of corruption is weaker than that of men and is the largest difference between the tolerance of the two sexes in all government specific corrupt practices. This difference does not mean that women are more honest as innate gender, but are formed in the system of gender and culture. This has some enlightenment on the design of China’s anti-corruption system today.