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目的:分析校园奶牛养殖的成本-效益,评估其在农村学生营养改善中的作用,探讨农村学校开展校园奶牛养殖的可行性和可持续性,为农村学校选择适宜的营养改善措施提供科学依据。方法:使用问卷调查收集校园奶牛养殖的成本、牛奶产量和收益;通过与校长访谈,了解开展校园奶牛养殖的总体情况;实地考察学校食堂和奶牛养殖场地,分析学生就餐情况以及在奶牛养殖项目中的受益情况。结果:校园奶牛养殖为盈利项目。通过校园奶牛养殖提供牛奶的方式,提供10g蛋白质的成本为0.6元,低于直接购买牛奶的成本(2.1元)。一头奶牛每学年的产奶量(6 205kg)能给93名学生补充一学年的优质蛋白质(10g/人/d)。满足一所中等规模学校(400人)学生一学年的优质蛋白质需要量(25g/人/d),每学年需要养殖11头奶牛。结论:校园奶牛养殖是获得优质动物蛋白质成本较低的方式,在无法购买市售奶类、并在提高管理技能和食品安全意识的情况下,可将校园养殖奶牛作为学生饮用奶类来源之一。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cost-effectiveness of dairy farming on campus, assess its role in improving nutrition of rural students, discuss the feasibility and sustainability of school-based dairy farming in rural schools, and provide scientific basis for selecting appropriate nutrition improvement measures in rural schools. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the costs, milk yield and benefits of dairy farming on campus; interviews with school principals to understand the overall situation of dairy farming on the campus; field visits to school canteens and dairy farms; analysis of student eating and dairy cow breeding projects Benefit situation. Result: Dairy farming on campus is a profitable project. The cost of providing 10g of protein through the provision of milk on campus dairy farming is 0.6 yuan, less than the cost of purchasing milk directly (2.1 yuan). A cow’s milk production (6 205kg) per school year can supplement 93 students with one year’s worth of good protein (10g / person / d). Meeting the high-quality protein requirement (25 g / person / day) for one school year for a medium-sized school (400) and 11 cows per school year. CONCLUSIONS: Campus dairy farming is a less costly way to obtain premium animal protein. Campus dairy cows can be sourced as a source of drinking milk for students in situations where they are unable to buy commercially available milk and raise management skills and food safety awareness .