词由单义到多义的演变需要经历一个长期的认知发展过程。“马”的本意是一种哺乳动物的名称,经过相似、相关和相因等多种词义引申的途径,成为一个义项丰富的多义词。“马”的整个语义系统发展,体现了人们的认知由视觉到心理感受,由具体到抽象,形成概念范畴,并最终语言化的历程。 The evolution of words from single meaning to polysemous needs to go through a long process of cognitive development. The original meaning of “horse” is a mammalian name that has become synonymous with polygamy as a synonym for extended, synonymous and related causes. The development of the whole semantic system of “Horse” embodies the process of people’s cognition from the visual to the psychological feeling, from the concrete to the abstract, the formation of the conceptual category, and the final linguistic process.