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考虑到规制体系的政策决策具有复杂性,可以直观地看出,这些规制体系可能是在独特的国家风格下发展起来的。通过回顾规制发展的几种历史模式,包括伯恩斯坦(Bemstein)的经典生命周期模型,以及分析美国和英国的六个案例研究,我们发现规制体系随着时间维度的变动可能超过空间维度。我们得出结论,规制体系具有相似的发展模式,虽然在此过程中花费在每一个阶段的时间会受各国内部的独特因素影响出现显著差异。对实践工作者的启示现有的规制理论指出,规制活动或者在不同的国家依照相同的发展轨迹,或者在其所实施的各管辖区域内完全不同。很明显以上两者都不正确,因为一些规制体系显示出相似的特质和发展模式,而另一些规制体系则显得与众不同。美国和英国规制活动的比较分析显示,规制体系在这些国家的发展沿着相似路径经历了相似的阶段,但是在这些阶段发展和演变的速度不同。这些发展主要由推动规制变化的周期性危机驱动。
Given the complexity of policy decisions in regulatory systems, it is intuitive to see that these regulatory systems may have developed under a unique national style. By reviewing several historical patterns of regulatory development, including Bemstein’s classic life cycle model and analyzing six case studies in the United States and the United Kingdom, we find that the regulatory system may outpace the spatial dimension over time. We conclude that the regulatory system has a similar pattern of development, although the time spent in each stage during this process can be significantly different from the unique factors within each country. Implications for Practicing Workers The existing regulatory theory states that regulatory activities are either entirely different in the same trajectory of development in different countries or in the jurisdictions in which they are implemented. It is clear that neither of these is true, as some regulatory systems show similar characteristics and patterns of development, while others are different. A comparative analysis of the regulation activities in the United States and the United Kingdom shows that the development of the regulatory system in these countries went through similar phases along similar paths but at different rates of development and evolution at these stages. These developments are driven primarily by a cyclical crisis that drives regulatory changes.