Background By unbiased stereological methods, we have observed preferential dorsal root ganglion (DRG) B-cell loss in rodents after nerve injury, and caspase-3 activation and cell loss were related to the present of p75 receptor (p75NTR).We hypothesized that DRG B-cells express higher levels of pro-apoptotic proteins as compared to A-cells and the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins can be reduced by depletion of p75NTR. This study aimed to identify the p75NTR involved apoptotic pathway in DRG neurons after nerve injury.Methods The p75NTB knockout mice (p75-/-) and wildtype Balb/C mice (p75+/+) were used in this study. The expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), c-jun and p38 in DRG were evaluated with immunohistochemistry 2 and 7 days following unilateral sciatic nerve transection. In addition, extra-cellular related kinase (ERK), a transducer of survival signals, was also tested with immunohistochemistry and West blotting methods in these animal models.Results Phosphorylated JNK (P-JNK) and phosphorylated p38 (P-p38) were mainly located in small B-cells, whereas phosphorylated c-jun (P-c-jun) was located in both A- and B-cells. Phosphorylated ERK (P-ERK) was located in both B-cells and satellite cells. Axotomy dramatically increased the expressions of P-JNK and P-c-jun (paired t-test), with no influence on the expressions of P-p38 and P-ERK. Furthermore, the increase of P-JNK in p75+/+ mice 2 days after nerve axotomy was approximately 2.2-folds of that in p75-/- mice (P=0.001, unpaired t-test).Conclusion p75NTR-dependent JNK-caspase-3 pathway is involved in DRG B-cell loss after nerve injury and JNK is not the unique upstream of c-jun activation.