Objective:To study the diagnostic method, surgical management and complications of the tracheal malignant tumor, as well as the characteristics of plasmocytoma. Methods:One patient with tracheal plasmocytoma and pertinent literature were analyzed retrospectively. Results:Resection of the tracheal tumor and reconstruction of the trachea were performed successfully in this case, and the pathological diagnosis is plasmocytoma. Conclusion:The nature, location and extent of tracheal tumor are precisely determined from radiologic studies before resection, as well as tracheal intubation and tracheal anastomosis without tension in operative procedures, are very important for triumphal operation. Even extramedullary plasmocytoma may occur in a lot of organs, but the incidence of it is rare. Both surgery and radiotherapy are cardinal methods for extramedullary plasmocytoma.