一、引言作为英国文坛上的一棵常青树,哈代一生中创作出了不少小说,其中以悲剧小说《卡斯特桥市长》最有特色,它为哈代的小说创作揭开了新的篇章,并对后世的文学创作产生了较大的影响,从而让默默无闻的哈代跨入到文学名家的行列。在该部小说中,哈代的写作风格、人物塑造以及文学笔墨无不把他的悲剧观体现得淋漓尽致。二、哈代小说创作中的悲剧思想及其形成原因(一)悲剧思想作为19世纪末英国文坛上一名杰出的小说家,哈代具有批判现实主义精神,对于当时所处的英国维多利亚时期的社会现状有着独特的观察视角,尤其揭露了当时资本主义社会中繁荣之下的罪恶以及人们的穷苦生活。因此,哈代小说中有着与传统小说创作的不同角度与深度,他看到了资本主义社会的黑暗堕落与贪污腐化以及普通民众的无可奈何及痛苦挣扎。正是这样的社会现实让哈代看不到希望,认为人的命运都 I. INTRODUCTION As an evergreen tree in English literary world, Hardy has created many novels in his life, of which the most distinctive feature is the tragedy novel Mayor Casterbridge, which opened a new chapter in Hardy’s novel creation Chapter, and later generations of literary creation had a greater impact, so that unknown Hardy into the ranks of literary masters. In his novels, Hardy’s style of writing, characterization and literary writing all reflect his view of tragedy vividly. II. The Tragedies in Hardy’s Novels and Their Causes (I) Tragedy As an outstanding novelist in the literary world of the late 19th century in the United Kingdom, Hardy has the spirit of critical realism and has the social status quo in the Victorian England at that time The unique perspective of observation reveals in particular the evils of the capitalist society and the poor life of people. Therefore, Hardy’s novels have different perspectives and depths from traditional novels. He saw the dark degeneration and corruption of capitalist society and the helpless and painful struggles of ordinary people. It is such a social reality that Hardy can not see hope and believe in human destiny