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目前降雨径流模拟采用佛汝德准则,模拟结果与实际相差较大。该文采用理论分析方法,通过对降雨径流过程中各作用力大小的比较,确定降雨径流试验相似准则。根据薄层均匀流流速分布,确定了流域侵蚀产沙悬移相似条件。确定出降雨过程中雨滴直径小于1.0mm,主导准则为雷诺相似准则,雨滴直径大于1.0mm,不存在相似准则。考虑正常雨滴直径变幅为0.1～3.5mm,降雨相似可由坡面径流相似主导准则韦伯相似准则确定,几何比尺宜大于10。根据试验资料,验证了相似准则的合理性和精度。该研究可为降雨及坡面径流模拟试验设计提供参考。
At present, the Runoff criterion is used for the simulation of rainfall runoff, and the result of the simulation is quite different from the actual one. In this paper, a theoretical analysis method is used to determine the similarities of rainfall runoff test by comparing the different forces in the process of rainfall runoff. According to the uniform flow velocity distribution in the thin layer, the similar conditions of sediment yield and sediment transport in the basin are determined. The raindrop diameter of less than 1.0mm was determined during the rainfall. The dominant criterion was the Reynolds similarity criterion. The diameter of the raindrops was greater than 1.0mm. There was no similar criterion. Considering that the diameter of normal raindrop ranges from 0.1 mm to 3.5 mm, the similarity of rainfall can be determined by Weber’s similarity criterion, which is the dominant guideline of slope runoff. The geometrical scale should be greater than 10. According to the experimental data, the rationality and accuracy of similar criteria are verified. The study can provide reference for rainfall and runoff simulation test design.