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美国的高关税政策是影响20世纪30年代美国对华贸易的重要因素。30年代初,美国一方面反对西方国家的关税政策,要求降低关税;另一方面自己又不断制订各种关税保护法规,提高关税税率,阻碍自由贸易原则的实行。“九一八”事变后,美国对华贸易迅速超过日本,位居各国之首。虽然中美贸易额不断增长,但中国入超也逐年加大,这无疑同关税问题有关。1934年美国的《互惠贸易协定法》的实施是国际贸易的一个转折点,此后中国连续两年对美贸易出超,出超原因是否同美国新关税政策有关是值得研究的。
The high tariff policy of the United States is an important factor that affects U.S. trade with China in the 1930s. In the early 1930s, on the one hand, the United States objected to the tariff policies of western countries and demanded that tariffs be lowered. On the other hand, the United States continued to formulate various tariff protection laws and regulations, raise tariff rates and hinder the implementation of the principle of free trade. After the “September 18” Incident, U.S. trade with China rapidly surpassed Japan and ranked the first among all the countries in the world. Although the trade volume between China and the United States has been on a rise, the penetration into China also has been increasing year by year, which is undoubtedly related to the tariff issue. Since the implementation of the “Reciprocal Agreement on Trade Agreements” by the United States in 1934 was a turning point in international trade, China’s trade with the United States went out of control for two consecutive years. It is worth studying whether the reasons for its emergence are beyond the United States’ new tariff policies.