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在由加载条件试验得出车轴裂纹扩展规律的基础上,引入有效应力强度因子范围ΔKeff值,建立适用于各种加载条件的裂纹扩展规律模型;给出实际运用条件下初始裂纹尺寸、超偏载、轮轴压装配合导致应力集中等因素影响车轴裂纹扩展的理论分析方法;建立车轴裂纹扩展寿命的计算模型,并采用Romberg数值积分法和Newton-Rophson迭代法对车轴剩余寿命进行预测。运用本文给出的模型和计算方法,以RD轴轮座部为例,对不同运用工况、不同尺寸裂纹车轴的剩余寿命进行了计算分析;以某客车RC轴断轴事故为例,对车轴初始裂纹尺寸进行计算,验证了超限裂纹漏探是导致该车轴断裂的主要原因。
Based on the crack propagation law obtained from the loading condition test, the effective stress intensity factor range ΔKeff was introduced to establish the crack propagation law model suitable for various loading conditions. The crack size, , Axial stress caused by stress and other factors lead to the axial crack propagation analysis of the theoretical analysis methods; the establishment of the axle crack propagation life model, and Romberg numerical integration method and the Newton-Rophson iterative method to predict the remaining life of the axle. Based on the model and calculation method given in this paper, taking RD wheel seat as an example, the residual life of axles with different working conditions and different sizes is calculated and analyzed. Taking an RC axle breaking accident as an example, The initial crack size was calculated to verify that the overrun crack leak detection is the main reason leading to the axle fracture.