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针对近年来中国城市化进程不断加快,建筑物制冷系统的排热对城市气候的影响越来越大的现状,以2010年8月6 7日北京地区夏季典型晴天为例,开展了对建筑物能量模式(Building Energy M odel,BEM)和制冷系统人为热排放的研究。分析发现不同用途建筑物的用电量日变化特征不同,其与气象因子(主要是气温)之间存在一定的相关性。在此基础上,改进了BEM模式,并对制冷系统(空调)能耗和排热进行了模拟。首先,基于用电量日变化特点模拟不同用途建筑物的排热情况,表明在建筑物空调制冷系统负荷中,窗墙传热占60%以上,人员、设备产热占30%,通风设施传热占5%~6%;其次,对影响建筑物排热量较大的一些参数进行敏感性试验,建筑参数中建筑物高度对排热的影响最大,从18.3 m降低到12 m和6 m,排热量可分别减少24.3%和49.6%,紧随其后的是墙体传热系数和新风系数的影响,而空调设定参数中设定温度从25℃下降1℃,空调制冷系统排热猛增94.4%;最后,根据我国夏季各种类型空调占比情况,计算出空调排热中感热、潜热分别为12.69 W·m-2和45.87 W·m-2(约占22%和78%),为建筑物排热对城市气候影响研究奠定了基础。
In response to the accelerating urbanization in China in recent years, the cooling effect of building cooling system on the urban climate is more and more big. Based on the typical sunny summer in Beijing on August 7, 2010, Study on Artificial Heat Emissions from Building Energy M odel (BEM) and Refrigeration Systems. The analysis shows that the diurnal variation of electricity consumption of buildings with different uses is different, which is related to the meteorological factors (mainly temperature). On this basis, the BEM mode is improved and the energy consumption and heat rejection of the refrigeration system (air conditioner) are simulated. First of all, based on the diurnal variation of electricity consumption, simulated the heat emission of buildings with different uses, it shows that in the load of building air conditioning and refrigeration system, the heat transfer of window and wall accounts for more than 60%, the heat production of personnel and equipment accounts for 30% Heat accounts for 5% ~ 6%; secondly, sensitivity test is conducted on some parameters that affect the heat release of buildings, the height of buildings in the building parameters has the greatest impact on heat removal, from 18.3 m to 12 m and 6 m, The amount of exhaust heat can be reduced by 24.3% and 49.6% respectively, followed by the influence of wall heat transfer coefficient and fresh air coefficient, while the set temperature of air-conditioning setting parameters decreased by 1 ℃ from 25 ℃, Increase by 94.4% .Finally, according to the proportion of various types of air-conditioners in summer in China, the sensible heat in the heat-exchange of air-conditioning is calculated, and the latent heat is 12.69 W · m-2 and 45.87 W · m- ), Which laid the foundation for the study on the impact of building heat removal on urban climate.