长期以来,人们普遍认为细胞内外的水分子是以简单的跨膜扩散方式来通过脂质双层膜。后来由于在生物物理学研究中发现红细胞及近端肾小管对渗透压改变引起的水的通透性很高,很难单纯以弥散来解释。因此,认为水的跨膜转运除了简单扩散外,还存在某种特殊的机制,并提出水通道的概念 For a long time, it is generally believed that water molecules inside and outside the cell are transported through the lipid bilayer membrane in a simple transmembrane diffusion manner. Later, because in the study of biophysics found red blood cells and proximal tubules on the osmotic pressure caused by changes in water permeability is very high, it is difficult to simply explain the dispersion. Therefore, in addition to the simple diffusion of water transmembrane transport, there is a special mechanism, and put forward the concept of water channel