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本文认为,人类认识史至今大致经历了古代整体论、近代原子论和现代系统论三个大的发展阶段。现代系统论是关于系统的各种理论的统称,是一种科学理论,而非哲学理论,它为马克思主义哲学的进一步发展作出了一定的贡献。在本体论上,现代系统论具体回答了物质的存在形式问题,认为世间万事万物都是以系统的形式存在的,通过有机联系、整体联系和层次联系相互作用。在认识论上,它把人的认识活动视为信息运动,说明了认识的生成机制、本质属性和能动作用。在方法论上,它发现事物的量变可能导致质变,不增减数量而变换结构,也可以引起质变;事物的质变不仅能够通过飞跃的方式,也可通过渐变的方式来完成。
This paper argues that the history of human cognition so far has generally experienced three major stages of development: ancient holism, modern atomism and modern system theory. Modern system theory is a general term for various theories of the system. It is a scientific theory, not a philosophical theory. It makes a certain contribution to the further development of Marxist philosophy. On the ontology, the modern system theory specifically answers the question of the existential form of matter, believing that everything in the world exists in a systematic form through the organic relations, the integral relations and the hierarchical relations. In epistemology, it regards people's cognitive activity as information movement, which shows the generation mechanism, essential attribute and active role of cognition. In methodology, it finds that the quantitative change of things may lead to qualitative change, change the structure without increasing or decreasing numbers, and it may also cause qualitative change. The qualitative change of things can be accomplished not only by leaps but also by gradual changes.