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目的:了解北京市腹泻患儿及社区健康儿童中人腺病毒(human adenovirus, HAdV)的流行和基因变异特征。方法:收集2015—2107年6岁以下门诊腹泻患儿以及2016—2017社区健康儿童的粪便标本共1 834份，检测HAdV六邻体基因进行分型并扩增HAdV-41纤维蛋白基因进行序列分析。结果:健康儿童和门诊腹泻患儿HAdV的检出率分别为1.5%(8/536)和7.4%(96/1 298)，两者间差异有统计学意义(n χ2＝23.62，n P<0.001)。健康儿童和腹泻患儿中HAdV-41均为最主要的检出型别。HAdV在门诊腹泻患儿中的检出无性别差异(n χ2＝0.002，n P＝0.961)。除新生儿组无检出外，其他年龄组之间的检出无差异。HAdV流行无明显季节特征。序列分析显示HAdV-41地方流行株分属于3个进化分支，并出现纤维蛋白轴区截短15个氨基酸的毒株。n 结论:HAdV是引起2015—2017年北京市儿童腹泻的主要病原之一，以HAdV-41为主。“,”Objective:To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of human adenovirus (HAdV) in healthy children and diarrheal children in Beijing.Methods:A total of 1 834 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal children younger than 6 years old in outpatients from January, 2015 to December, 2017 and from healthy children with the same age group from May, 2016 to February, 2017. The hexon and fiber genes of HAdV were detected for genotyping and the sequences analysis, respectively.Results:The detection rate of HAdVs in healthy children (1.5%, 8/536) was significantly lower than that in children with diarrhea (7.4%, 96/1 298) (n χ2=23.62, n P<0.001). HAdV-41 was the dominant type detected both in the healthy children and diarrheal outpatients. There was no gender difference in HAdV-positive children with diarrhea. Except for newborns with no positive case, there was no difference in the detection rate of HAdV among the other age groups. There was no obvious seasonality of HAdV prevalence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HAdV-41 strains circulating in Beijing belonged to three evolutionary branches, and strains with 15-amino acid truncated in the shaft of fiber were found.n Conclusions:HAdV was one of the important pathogens causing diarrhea in children in Beijing from 2015 to 2017, with HAdV-41 as the predominant type.