张居正是明代杰出的政治家、思想家。他主持的改革,比商鞅变法温和、理性、人性化,比王安石变法稳健、有序、切实可行,其中,赋税改革缓解了明王朝的经济危机。然而,张居正生前“万人称颂”,死后却朝野苛责,差点被剖棺戮尸。历代史家把张居正人亡政息、名毁家哀的原因,归于“得罪了皇帝,得罪了贵族和大官僚”,而没有揭示出改革夭折的体制性根源。 Zhang Ju is an outstanding politician and thinker in the Ming Dynasty. The reform he presided over was softer, more rational and humane than Shang Yang’s, and was more stable and orderly than the Wang Anshi’s. Among them, the tax reform eased the Ming dynasty’s economic crisis. However, Zhang Juzheng was born before the “million tribute”, but after the death of the court blamed, almost being cut cadaver dead. Historical historians attributed the fact that Zhang Juzheng’s life and death were ruined, their names of family sorrows, to “offended the emperor and offended the aristocrats and big bureaucrats” without revealing the institutional causes of the untimely reform.