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泡沫金属材料是近年来发展的一种功能型材料,具有高孔洞度、重量轻、透气性好、消音、绝热、不燃烧等优点,正在获得日趋广泛的应用。其生产方法很多,如铸造法,金属喷涂(镀)法,粉末冶金法,溅射沉积法等,而且可用某些特殊工艺将泡沫金属制成带材、板材、管材和特殊复合材料。根据笔者等人的分析和试验,采用铸造法生产泡沫金属工艺比较简单,成本较低,孔隙率高,是颇有前途的工艺方法。1.铸造方法1.1 发泡法将发泡剂加入金属液中,受热分解后放出气泡使金属发泡,待金属液冷却后即得到泡沫材料。常用的发泡剂有 TiH_2,ZrH_2等,该方法的主要缺点是组织中气泡密度不均匀,较大的气泡集中在铸件中心,靠近
Foam metal material is a kind of functional material developed in recent years. It has the advantages of high porosity, light weight, good air permeability, sound-deadening, heat-insulating and non-burning. It is getting more and more extensive application. Its production methods are many, such as casting method, metal spraying (plating) method, powder metallurgy method, sputter deposition method, but also can be made of some special metal foam, strip, sheet, pipe and special composite materials. According to the author and others analysis and testing, the production of foam metal casting process is relatively simple, low cost, high porosity, is a promising process. 1. Casting method 1.1 Foaming method The foaming agent is added to the molten metal, released by the heat after the bubble to the metal foam, cooling liquid to be obtained after the foam material. Commonly used foaming agent TiH_2, ZrH_2, the main drawback of this method is the uneven density of bubbles in the organization, a larger bubble concentrated in the center of the casting, close to