这场悲剧带来的巨大期盼和最后的绝望,是我从军30年最为刻骨铭心的经历。 ——前美国空军中校詹姆斯·凯勒 1979年1月,伊朗爆发人民革命。巴维王朝顷刻之间分崩离析。同年底,卡特总统决定让巴列维这位“美国最忠实的中东盟友”来美国治病。伊朗人闻讯群情激愤。11月4日,3000多名激进学生突然冲击美国驻德黑兰大使馆。66名美国外交人员被扣为人质。经过交涉,伊朗释放了13名黑人和妇女,其余人质获释的条件是美国交还巴列维国王。显然,这个近乎要挟的条件是华盛顿所不能接受的。 “大米碗”的难题 1979年底的卡特总统最关心的事是他能否在即将到来的大选中连选连任,因此总统强烈希望能通过外交手段解决人质危机。但总统的国家安全事务助理布热津斯基却对伊朗的挑战反应强烈。他指示参联会主席戴维德·C·琼斯将军立即着手制定营救行动和报复性打击计 The great hope and final despair brought by this tragedy are the most memorable experiences of the 30 years since I joined the army. - former US Air Force lieutenant James Keller January 1979, Iran broke out people’s revolution. The vicissitudes of Babi instantly collapsed. At the end of the same year, President Carter decided to allow Pahlavi, the “most loyal Middle East ally in the United States,” to come to the United States for medical treatment. Iranian news crowd angry. On November 4, more than 3,000 radical students suddenly hit the U.S. embassy in Tehran. 66 U.S. diplomats were taken hostage. After negotiations, Iran released 13 blacks and women, the rest of the hostages were released on the condition that the United States return to the king of Pahlavi. Obviously, this almost blackmail condition is unacceptable to Washington. The Challenge of the “Rice Bowl” President Carter’s greatest concern at the end of 1979 was whether he could be reelected in the forthcoming general election, so the president strongly hopes to resolve the hostage crisis diplomatically. However, the president’s national security assistant Brzezinski reacted strongly to Iran’s challenge. He instructed the President of the Association, General David C. Jones, to proceed promptly with the formulation of rescue operations and retaliation measures