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以籼型常规早稻中嘉早17为材料,于盆栽条件下采用人工气候箱控温,在水稻穗分化一次枝梗原基分化期(Ⅱ)与花粉母细胞减数分裂期(Ⅵ)进行17和20℃的低温胁迫处理,研究不同低温对水稻枝梗、颖花分化与退化及籽粒充实的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,不同低温处理均显著降低每穗枝梗及颖花分化数和现存数,颖花现存数降幅为7.2%~12.4%,同时增加了枝梗和颖花的退化数,影响了花粉活性、花药开裂等花器官发育,导致籽粒充实不良,以17℃低温胁迫效应更明显.穗分化Ⅵ期低温处理总枝梗和颖花分化数与现存数低于穗分化Ⅱ期,但二次枝梗和颖花退化数较多,颖花退化数较穗分化Ⅱ期高11.6%;穗分化Ⅱ期低温处理穗部籽粒结实率显著低于穗分化Ⅵ期,降幅达3.7%,主要与花粉粒活性、柱头花粉散落数、花药开裂系数和籽粒充实度受低温影响较大有关.另外,穗分化Ⅱ、Ⅵ两时期受17℃低温胁迫效应大于20℃.综合穗分化两时期低温胁迫效应的差异,生产中需加强相应栽培措施的调控.
Using the indica conventional early rice Zhongjiazao 17 as material, the artificial climatic box was used to control the temperature under the condition of pot experiment. During the differentiation of the primary branch of rice panicle (Ⅱ) and meiosis stage of pollen mother cell (Ⅵ) And low temperature stress treatment at 20 ℃, the effects of different low temperature on the differentiation and degeneration of rice stems, spikelets and grain filling were studied.The results showed that compared with the control, different low temperature treatments significantly reduced the number of branches and spikelets per spike And the existing number, the existing number of spikelets decreased by 7.2% ~ 12.4%, while increasing the degeneration number of branch stems and spikelets, affecting the floral organ development such as pollen activity and anther dehiscence, resulting in poor grain filling. Low temperature stress of 17 ℃ The effect was more obvious.Pulmonary differentiation stage Ⅵ low temperature treatment of the total branch and spikelet number and the existing number of branches below the ear stage Ⅱ, but the secondary branches and spikelets more degeneration, spikelets than spike differentiation Ⅱ Which was 11.6% higher than that of the panicle. The seed setting rate of ear under panicle Ⅱ stage was significantly lower than that of panicle stage Ⅵ, which was 3.7%, which was mainly related to the activity of pollen grains, the number of scattered stigma, anther dehiscence coefficient and grain filling degree In addition, spike differentiation Ⅱ, Ⅵ two By low temperature stress of 17 ℃ effect is greater than 20 ℃. Comprehensive differentiated human ear low stress effects of two times, the need to enhance the production of corresponding regulation of the cultivation measures.