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全日制十年制学校高中课本物理上册第九章,气体实验定律的微观解释这一节中,在简单介绍了气体分子模型之后,就介绍气体分子速率的麦克斯韦分布。气体分子的运动属于微观粒子的运动,要想对学生讲清楚这个问题不是容易的。这主要是因为:第一,从大量的无规则运动的分子里找出有规律的东西,这就要引进学生过去从未接触过的统计概念;第二,分子的运动情况复杂,看不见,摸不着,因而对学生来说是抽象的。为了克服这两个困难,可以设计一个学生易于接受的“人口按年龄分布”的比喻。
The ninth chapter of the full-time 10-year high school textbook physics chapter, the microscopic explanation of the gas experiment law In this section, after briefly introducing the gas molecular model, the Maxwell distribution of the gas molecular velocity is introduced. The movement of gas molecules belongs to the movement of microscopic particles. It is not easy to clarify this issue to students. This is mainly because: First, to find out regular things from a large number of molecules with irregular movements, it is necessary to introduce statistical concepts that students have never touched in the past. Second, the movement of molecules is complicated and invisible. It is not in touch and therefore is abstract to students. In order to overcome these two difficulties, a metaphor of “population distribution by age” that students can easily accept can be designed.