利用95%乙醇分别提取刺萼龙葵(Solanum rostratum Dunal.)幼苗期、青果期、成熟期的整株植物和青果期的果实、茎叶和根中生物活性物质,同时比较了浸提法、微波法、超声波法在提取青果期生物活性物质中的差异,采用浸渍法分别测定了各提取物对麦长管蚜的杀虫活性。结果表明,不同生育期提取物的杀虫活性存在差异,青果期提取物的杀虫活性最高,24h校正死亡率为76.49%,幼苗期最低,为1.97%。刺萼龙葵不同部位活性物质的提取率差异显著。果实最高,为0.086%,杀虫活性最好,24h校正死亡率为80.48%;根的提取率最低(0.046%),杀虫活性仅8.09%。在刺萼龙葵活性物质提取的方法中,超声波法和微波法优于浸提法,其提取物杀虫活性也比浸提法高20%。 95% ethanol was used to extract the bioactive substances from the whole plant and fruit stage, the stem, leaf and root of Solanum rostratum Dunal. Seedlings, young fruit stage and mature stage, respectively. Meanwhile, Microwave and ultrasonic methods were used to extract the bioactive substances in the young fruit stage. The insecticidal activities of the extracts were determined by immersion method. The results showed that there were differences in the insecticidal activities of extracts at different growth stages. The extract of young fruits had the highest insecticidal activity, the corrected mortality rate at 24 h was 76.49%, and the lowest at seedling stage was 1.97%. There were significant differences in the extraction rates of active substances from different parts of Solanum nigrum. The highest fruit was 0.086% with the best insecticidal activity, the corrected mortality rate at 24h was 80.48%, the lowest was the root extraction rate (0.046%), and the insecticidal activity was only 8.09%. In the method of extracting the active substances of Solanum nigrum, the ultrasonic method and the microwave method are better than the extraction method, and the insecticidal activity of the extract is also 20% higher than that of the extraction method.