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祭祀是一种人神交接之道,其实质是一种宗教性的行为。但中国的祭祀,从西周开始,随着人文理性的觉醒,即逐渐在消解祭祀的宗教性色彩,瓦解其宗教性功能。先秦儒家则从祀典制定原则、祭祀应遵循之礼、祭祀的社会功能等角度对祭祀作了理论上的诠释。儒家祭祀理论的指向是现实的世界,关注于现实世界的道德伦理与政治社会秩序;儒家祭祀的目的是非世俗功利性的,而是将之视作一种道德的践履与人情感的慰藉;儒家的祭祀是人文的,而非宗教的,它是一种利用宗教形式而实现人文教化的礼仪体系。儒家祭祀理论可以赋予现代祭祀以人文道德内涵,使之成为道德与情感的人文仪式,引导现代祭祀向人文主义的方向发展。
Sacrifice is a way for people and gods to intercourse, and its essence is a kind of religious behavior. However, since the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the sacrificial rites of China began to wipe out the religious features of sacrificial sacrifices and disintegrate their religious functions with the awakening of humanistic reason. The pre-Qin Confucianists made a theoretical interpretation of ritual sacrifices from the perspectives of the principles of the ritual codes, the rites to be followed by ritual sacrifices, and the social functions of ritual sacrifices. The Confucian sacrificial worshiping theory points to the real world, focusing on the moral, political and social order in the real world. The purpose of Confucian sacrificial worship is non-secular utilitarianism, but rather as a kind of moral fulfillment and comfort of human emotion. Confucian sacrifice is humanistic, not religious. It is a system of rites and ceremonies that use the form of religion to achieve humanism. The theory of Confucian ritual sacrifice can give modern sacrificial rites the connotation of humanity and morality, make it a humanity ritual of morality and emotion, and guide modern sacrificial rituals to develop towards humanism.