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目的:通过对不同来源地区的薯蓣属种质资源的植物学性状观测、统计和分析,为薯蓣种质资源的鉴定、分类和遗传改良提供依据。方法:采用大田栽培的方法,对薯蓣植株的24个性状分别进行定性观察或定量测定,分别进行主成分分析和聚类分析,对薯蓣种质的遗传形态变异进行研究。结果:94份薯蓣种质在24个测定的性状上变异非常丰富,叶片大小和根茎变异均较大。24个性状中前7个性状特征值的累积贡献率达80.957%。聚类分析把94份薯蓣属植物分为4个类群,分别属于薯蓣、褐苞薯蓣、山薯和参薯。结论:薯蓣种质间存在较大的形态变异。种质鉴定要重点关注叶片大小和根茎的性状。
OBJECTIVE: To provide basis for the identification, classification and genetic improvement of yam germplasm resources through the observation, statistics and analysis of the botanical characters of yam genera in different areas. Methods: Field experiments were conducted on 24 traits of Dioscorea nipponica, respectively. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to study the genetic variation of Dioscorea nipponica germplasm. Results: 94 varieties of Dioscorea nipponica germplasm varied widely in 24 tested traits, with larger leaf size and rhizome variation. The cumulative contribution rate of the first seven traits in the 24 traits was 80.957%. Cluster analysis divided 94 species of Dioscorea into four groups, belonging to Dioscorea, Capsicum, Potato and Potato. Conclusion: There is a big morphological variation among the yam germplasms. Germplasm identification should focus on leaf size and rhizome traits.