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法国存在着两个审判机关体系:一个专司行政案件,另一个则专门处理私法人之间的争议。这种司法机关的双元模式是基于法国大革命时期确立的行政权和司法权分立原则而形成的。行政司法擅于自我调整以回应社会新的期待,面临行政改革局势尤其是地方分权制度的新局势,它正成为国家改革的一个因素。行政司法应当融合以下两种必要性于一体: 即它必须做到即使达不到无可指责,至少也应当是高质量的判决;其次,要求法官有一定的敏捷性,快速地作出案件判决。判决好案件,无论是上诉还是初审,首先必须是快速判决。一、解决行政司法机关案件积压问题的改革措施(1999年以前) 行政司法案件积压不是一个新问题。这些问
There are two systems of judicial organs in France: one specializes in administrative cases and the other deals exclusively with disputes between private and legal persons. The dual mode of the judiciary is based on the principle of the separation of executive power and judicial power established during the French Revolution. Administrative justice is good at self-adjustment to respond to the new expectations of the society and faces the new situation of administrative reform especially the decentralization of the local system. It is becoming a factor of national reform. The administrative justice should be a combination of the following two necessities: it must be at least as good as high-quality judgments even if it can not be blamed. Second, it requires judges to be agile enough to make case judgments promptly. Judging a good case, whether appeals or first instance, must first be a verdict. I. Reform Measures to Solve the Backlog of Cases in Administrative Judiciary Cases (Before 1999) The backlog of administrative justice cases is not a new issue. These questions