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水轮机运转的过程,就是能量的有效利用和能量损失平衡的过程。水流所具有的能量被有效利用的程度就是水轮机的效率。有效利用的程度越高,则效率越高,而能量损失则越小。在设计小型水轮机时,对水轮机的效率基本上用下列两种方法确定:一种是用理论的方法求出各种损失而计算出效率;另一种是用模型试验数据加以各种修正而获得。前者由于各种损失很难准确计算而很少采用;后者在实践中得到大量推广。
Turbine operation process, that is, the effective use of energy and energy loss balance process. The extent to which the energy of the water stream is effectively utilized is the efficiency of the turbine. The higher the degree of effective utilization, the higher the efficiency and the less energy loss. In the design of small turbines, the efficiency of the turbine is basically determined by the following two methods: one is calculated by theoretical methods to calculate the efficiency of various losses and the other is the model test data obtained by a variety of amendments obtained . The former is seldom used due to various losses that are difficult to calculate accurately; the latter is widely promoted in practice.