目的探讨小儿肺炎支原体感染的肺外并发症。方法回顾郑州市儿童医院572例MP感染患儿的临床资料。结果 572例MP感染中,182例有肺外并发症,发生率为31.8%,主要有心肌炎、支原体脑炎、血液系统受累、泌尿系统受累、消化系统受累、皮疹等。结论 MP感染可引起机体多系统损害,部分患儿可同时有2种或2种以上的合并症,少数以肺外并发症为首发症状,易误诊,应引起重视。 Objective To investigate the extrapulmonary complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children. Methods The clinical data of 572 children with MP infection in Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results Among the 572 cases of MP infection, 182 cases had extrapulmonary complication, the incidence rate was 31.8%, mainly myocarditis, mycoplasma encephalitis, blood system involvement, urinary system involvement, digestive system involvement and rash. Conclusion MP infection can cause multiple systemic damage. Some children may have 2 or more complications at the same time. A small number of patients with extra pulmonary complications as the first symptom may be easily misdiagnosed.