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二十世纪的90年代，民航票价经历了几次大的变动后，中国民航的票价改革，成为了公众关心的焦点之一。许多专家、学者以及业内人士都对民航的票价体制改革提出了不少有建设性的意见。有的意见认为，航空运输是属于竞争性行业，因此民航票价应当以市场为导向，真实地反映航空公司的成本；另一方面，也有意见认为，民航运输是属于“自然垄断”行业，规模经济是该行业的重要特征，如果采取自由竞争的方式，航空票价在开始阶段会朝着有利于消费者的方向走，但在新的竞争者的进入初期，不具有规模经济，必然会造成社会资源的大量浪费，因此，必须对航空运输业进行管制保证国民经济的顺利运行。上述两种对民航票价的改革意见，从一个侧面反映了我国民航产业政策的两种倾向，垄断和竞争。 由此，我们不禁要问，今后民航运输业在产业战略选择上，是采取垄断措施还是竞争策略？这就是本文的研究目的和写作宗旨。
In the 90s of the 20th century, several major changes have taken place in the fares of civil aviation. The fare reform of China Civil Aviation has become one of the focuses of public concern. Many experts, scholars and practitioners have put forward many constructive suggestions on the fare reform of civil aviation. Some people think that air transport is a competitive industry. Therefore, civil aviation fares should be market-oriented and truly reflect the cost of airlines. On the other hand, there are also some suggestions that air transport belongs to the “natural monopoly” industry and the scale Economy is an important feature of the industry. If free competition is adopted, air fares will be favorable to consumers in the initial stage. However, in the initial stage of entry of new competitors, the lack of economies of scale will inevitably result in Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the air transport industry to ensure the smooth running of the national economy. The above two opinions on reform of civil aviation fares reflect two kinds of tendencies, monopolies and competitions in China’s civil aviation industrial policy from one aspect. Therefore, we can not help but ask: In the future, the air transport industry will adopt monopolistic measures or competitive strategies in its industrial strategic choice. This is the purpose of this article and writing purpose.