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船在水中航行,航道必须有足够的深度和宽度。河水中所含的大量泥沙沉积在河底,常常给船的通行造成障碍。内河航道的泥沙淤积,使航道变浅,河床变窄,通行的里程缩短;在海港和河口区,由于水流、潮汐、风浪、流沙等作用,常使泥沙沉积在进港的航道上。要清除航道上的泥沙,挖泥疏浚是重要的方法,挖泥船就成了名副其实的清道夫。
The ship sails in the water, and the waterway must have sufficient depth and width. The large amount of sediment contained in the river water deposits on the bottom of the river, often causing obstacles to the passage of the ship. The siltation of inland waterways has made shallower waterways, narrower riverbeds, and shorter mileage; in the seaports and estuaries, sediments often deposit on the incoming waterways due to the effects of currents, tides, wind waves, and quicksands. To clear the sediments on the fairway, dredging and dredging are important methods. The dredger is a veritable scavenger.