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高原地区有其独特的环境特点,可引起多种急性和慢性高原病.随着人类在高原地区活动增加,高海拔环境下机体变化成为许多科学家研究的热点.在高海拔地区,缺氧、低气压、强风沙、强辐射、气温剧烈变化等可引起眼部以及其他全身的一系列病理生理改变,且存在个体差异性.本文综述了高原地区自然环境特点及其对眼部的影响,包括对视功能(视力、色觉、视野、视觉电生理)、眼压、眼组织结构(泪膜、角结膜、瞳孔、晶状体、眼底)和眼部治疗的影响,以期为深入研究高原眼部改变的机制提供思路.“,”High-altitude environment has its unique characteristics,which can cause a variety of acute and chronic mountain sicknesses.With increasing human activities at high altitude,the impact of high altitude exposure on human body has become a hotspot.Hypobaric hypoxia,strong breeze,strong radiation and excess ultraviolet exposure can induce pathophysiological changes in human body and eyes.Individual difference exists in response to high-altitude environment.In order to provide ideas for further study on the mechanisms of ocular changes at high altitude,this article reviewed the characteristics of high-altitude environment and their impact on the eyes,including visual function (vision,color vision,visual field and visual electrophysiology),intraocular pressure,ocular structures (tear film,conjunctiva,cornea,pupil,lens and fundus) and ocular treatments.