20世纪60年代,由于技术进步加快和全球竞争加剧,为分散创新风险、提高创新效率,产业技术创新联盟开始在日本兴起,随后美国和欧洲积极跟进。早期创新联盟的合作重点在研究开发,后来发展到生产制造领域,现在则主要集中在技术标准方面。经过长期充分的发展,西方发达国家产业联盟已经形成了较为成熟的运营体制机制,产生高水平的知识交流与技术转移,实现了低成本与高收益相统一的目标,在社会经济中发挥着举足轻重的作用。 In the 1960s, with the advancement of technology and intensified global competition, in order to diversify risks and increase innovation efficiency, the Alliance for Industrial Technology Innovation began to emerge in Japan, followed by active follow-up by the United States and Europe. Early innovation alliance cooperation focus on research and development, and later developed into manufacturing, now mainly focused on technical standards. After a long period of full development, the industrial alliances of the developed western countries have formed relatively mature operating systems and mechanisms, resulting in a high level of knowledge exchange and technology transfer, achieving the goal of unifying low-cost and high-yielding businesses and playing a decisive role in the social economy Role.