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黑土是我国主要的耕地土壤之一。主要分布在松嫩平原的滨北及滨平铁路线的两侧,呈漫岗波状起伏。海拔150～220m,无霜期110～1.40天,年降水量450～600mm,有效积温1600～3000℃。耕地面积约9000万亩左右,主产玉米、大豆和小麦,是国家重要的商品粮基地。黑土开垦较晚,自然肥力较高。但由于春风大,降水又高度集中于夏季,致使水蚀、风蚀较重,部分地区出现了“破皮黄”。春季易旱,夏季易涝,一遇灾害,产量下降20～30％,重灾区颗粒不收。近年来,由于轻视有机物料的投入,土壤有机质呈下降趋势,由原来的4％以上下降到2～3％,中低产土壤面积趋于扩大。若不尽快采取得力措施,肥沃的黑土就会越种越薄,直接影响农牧林业的持续发展。
Black soil is one of the main cultivated soil in our country. Mainly distributed in the Songnen Plain Binbin and Binping railway lines on both sides, was ups and downs ups and downs. 150 ~ 220m above sea level, frost-free period 110 ~ 1.40 days, annual precipitation 450 ~ 600mm, effective accumulated temperature 1600 ~ 3000 ℃. About 90 million mu of arable land, the main production of corn, soybeans and wheat, is the country’s important commodity grain base. Black soil reclamation later, higher natural fertility. However, due to the spring breeze, precipitation is highly concentrated in the summer, resulting in water erosion, wind erosion heavier, appeared in some areas, “broken yellow skin.” Spring drought, summer, easy floods, a case of disaster, output decreased by 20 to 30%, harvested area particles do not accept. In recent years, due to the neglect of organic materials inputs, soil organic matter is on a downward trend, from the original 4% down to 2-3%, the middle and low yielding soil area tends to expand. Unless effective measures are taken soon, the more fertile black soil will be thinner and more directly affect the sustainable development of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry.