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目的应用核酸扩增技术对母婴传播婴幼儿人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染进行早期诊断,为临床应用提供依据。方法对2009-2010年HIV阳性孕产妇活产的34例3~14个月龄婴幼儿收集足底干血斑样本进行HIV-1 DNA检测。随访18个月后进行血清HIV抗体检测比较。结果 34例婴幼儿中,检出HIV-1 DNA 9例,检出率26.5%。9例HIV-1 DNA阳性患儿均未使用过抗病毒治疗。18个月后随访,34例婴幼儿除1例失访,2例检出HIV-1 DNA婴儿已死亡(根据临床有机会性感染体征诊断为AIDS),7例检出HIV-1 DNA婴儿血清抗体阳性外,其他24例未检出HIV-1 DNA的婴儿其血清抗体为阴性。两种方法检测结果比较符合率为100.0%。结论核酸检测是有效的早期诊断方法,早期诊断有利于后续开展母婴阻断工作。
Objective To apply nucleic acid amplification technology to early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and young children, and to provide evidence for clinical application. Methods Thirty-four infants aged 3-14 months with HIV-positive pregnant women from 2009-2010 were collected for HIV-1 DNA detection. After 18 months of follow-up, serum HIV antibody test was compared. Results Among 34 infants and young children, HIV-1 DNA was detected in 9 cases with a detection rate of 26.5%. None of the 9 HIV-1 DNA-positive children had antiviral treatment. After 18 months of follow-up, 34 cases of infants and young children except one were lost to follow-up. Two cases of HIV-1 DNA were detected as dead (according to clinical signs of opportunistic infections, AIDS was detected) and seven cases of HIV-1 DNA were detected Antibody positive, the other 24 cases did not detect HIV-1 DNA of the baby’s serum antibody was negative. The two methods test results were in line with the rate of 100.0%. Conclusion Nucleic acid detection is an effective method for early diagnosis, and early diagnosis is helpful for the follow-up of maternal and child interruption.