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溶酶体作为细胞内消化器官,参与细胞自溶、防御等生物过程。近年来研究发现,溶酶体在死亡信号作用下释放以组织蛋白酶为主的多种水解酶,参与包括自噬及凋亡在内的细胞死亡,这一过程称为溶酶体途径的凋亡。溶酶体膜通透性增加程度是决定细胞死亡类型的重要因素。释放的组织蛋白酶可通过剪切Bc l-2家族蛋白,引起一系列的促凋亡反应,如线粒体膜通透性改变、激活caspase等;还可以反作用于溶酶体促进其通透性改变。肿瘤的侵袭转移伴随着溶酶体功能改变及组织蛋白酶表达增加,溶酶体的这些改变能使肿瘤细胞对死亡途径的敏感性增加。研究肿瘤相关的溶酶体成分及功能改变,可以为肿瘤治疗提供新的思路。
Lysosomes as intracellular digestive organs, involved in cell autolysis, defense and other biological processes. In recent years, studies have found that the lysosomal release of cathepsin-based multiple hydrolases in the death signal, involved in cell death, including autophagy and apoptosis, a process known as lysosomal pathway apoptosis . The increase in lysosomal membrane permeability is an important factor in determining the type of cell death. The released cathepsin can induce a series of pro-apoptotic reactions by cleaving the Bcl-2 family of proteins, such as mitochondrial membrane permeability changes, activation of caspases and the like; and can also counteract the changes in the permeability of lysosomes. Tumor invasion and metastasis accompanied by changes in lysosome function and cathepsin expression increased, these changes in lysosomes can make the tumor cells increased sensitivity to death pathway. Studying tumor-associated changes in lysosomal composition and function can provide new ideas for cancer treatment.