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利用2004—2015年新疆乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站收集的天山北坡中山带天然牧草生长发育期与产量数据和气温、积温、降水量、日照时数等气象数据,研究气象条件对该地区天然牧草的生长发育以及产量的影响。结果表明,不同类别的天然牧草在春季返青期对于温度的需求存在差异,喜凉牧草为-0.3~1.1℃,喜温牧草为3.5~9.5℃;牧草黄枯期出现的时间点和日平均气温在5℃左右的时间点相一致,后者对前者具有预测意义;不同种类牧草在不同生育期所需的积温存在差异;禾本科牧草的返青期与黄枯期的间隔时间平均为160 d左右,豆科牧草仅有140 d左右,5种牧草最长和最短的间隔时间相差18 d;降水量和气温对牧草产量存在较大影响,在成熟之前,牧草产量随着降水量与气温的增减而增减;与鲜草重相比,干草重与气象要素的相关系数更大,利用积温、降水量、日照时数对牧草干草重进行估算较为准确;在各种气象要素与牧草产量的相关系数中,降水量最大,其次为积温,日照时数最小;年降水量和降水量的季节分配对天山北坡中山地段的天然草地牧草产量有影响,6月和7月的降水量尤其关键,决定了当年牧草产量的多少。天山北坡中山地段的气象条件对该地区天然牧草的生长发育期有一定影响,相关气象条件对天然牧草的产量具有一定的预测意义。
Based on the meteorological data of natural pasture growth and development, yield data, temperature, accumulated temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours collected in the mid-range of the northern slope of Tianshan from 2004 to 2015 collected by the Urumqi animal husbandry meteorological experimental station, this paper studied the effects of meteorological conditions on natural Growth and development of forage grass and yield. The results showed that there was a difference in temperature between different types of natural forages during the spring rejuvenation period, ranging from -0.3 to 1.1 ℃ for hippophae and 3.5-9.5 ° C for hippophaes. The time point and daily average temperature Which is consistent with the time point of about 5 ℃, the latter has a predictive significance for the former; the accumulated temperature required by different types of pasture at different growth stages is different; and the interval between the greening stage and the yellow-brown stage of pasture is about 160 days , Leguminous forage only about 140 d, the difference between the longest and the shortest interval of the five forages was 18 d; the precipitation and air temperature had a great impact on the forage yield. Before maturity, the forage yield increased with the increase of precipitation and temperature Compared with the fresh grass weight, the correlation coefficient between the hay weight and the meteorological elements is larger. It is more accurate to estimate the hay weight by using the accumulated temperature, the precipitation and the sunshine duration. In the meteorological elements and grass yield Among the correlation coefficients, the precipitation was the largest, followed by the accumulated temperature and the sunshine duration was the smallest. The seasonal distribution of annual precipitation and precipitation affected the pasture production in the natural grassland in the middle section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. The precipitation in June and July was especially critical , Decided how much pasture production. The meteorological conditions of the Zhongshan section of the northern slope of Tianshan have a certain impact on the growth and development of natural forages in the area, and the relevant meteorological conditions have some predictive significance for the production of natural forages.