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文言虚词“焉”在新教材中出现的频率较高,用法也较难掌握。现整理出来,供学习者参考。1作代词包括作人称代词、指示代词和疑问代词。作人称代词,可译为“他们”、“它”等。例如：(1)夫五人之死,去今之墓而葬焉。(他们)(张溥《五人墓碑记》) (2)谨食之,时而献焉。(它)(柳宗元《捕蛇者说》)作指示代词,相当于“之”,作宾语,可译为“这”、“那”等。例如：(3)然力足以至焉。(那里,那个地方)(王安石《游褒禅山记》)
The frequency of use of the verb “焉” in the new textbook is relatively high and the usage is also difficult to grasp. Now arrange it out for learners’ reference. Pronouns used include personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns. Personal pronouns can be translated as “they”, “it” and so on. For example: (1) The death of five men, to go to this tomb and bury them. (They) (Zhang Hao’s “Five Tombstones”) (2) I would like to eat, and sometimes sacrifice. (It) (Liu Zongyuan’s “Scrapender”) as a demonstrative pronoun, equivalent to “zhi”, as an object, can be translated as “this”, “that” and so on. For example: (3) The power is enough to reach. (there’s that place) (Wang Anshi “You Zhuan Zen Mountain”)