本课题主要从四个方面进行论述:一是对储备体系的定位;二是储备体系的构成和运行机制;三是储备什么;四是储备多少。另外,还论述了如何储备、如何使用储备及由谁储备、由谁管理、由谁使用、采取什么方式储备、管理等问题。 对储备体系的定位是本课题立论的基础。本报告认为,21世纪初期重要商品储备体系储备的目的是为经济发展而储备。“储而备用”,储备不能以营利为目的。 储备体系由储备机构、储备商品和储备法规三部分构成。储备机构包括国家储备机构和地方储备机构,储备商品包括国家储备、地方储备、企业法定最低库存、家庭存储和期货。国家储备包括国家战略储备、国家一般储备、国家特别储备和国家应急储备。储备法规分国家储备一般立法、专项立法和各种行政法规,地方储备法规,各种具体储备商品的收储、保管、使用办法等。目前国家储备的管理体制、储备商品、法规体系、保管办法均需进行大力改革、调整。 储备什么由需要决定,而且应根据需要改变适时调整。国家储备是重要商品储备体系的主体,国家储备应储备的5类商品包括:粮食、石油、棉花、食糖、食用植物油、猪肉、食盐、烟叶、紧压茶、羊毛、羊绒、化肥、农药和一些应急储备商品。 某种商品储备多少由预期的总需求量减总供给量决定。根据测算,本报 This topic is mainly discussed from four aspects: First, the positioning of the reserve system; Second, the composition and operation mechanism of the reserve system; Third, what to reserve; Fourth, how much reserve. In addition, it also discusses such issues as how to reserve, how to use the reserve and who should be stocked, who should be managed, who should be used, and what way to reserve and manage. The positioning of the reserve system is the basis of our argument. This report argues that the reserve of the important commodity reserve system in the early 21st century is intended to be reserved for economic development. “Reserves and reserves”, reserves can not be for profit. The reserve system consists of reserve agencies, reserve goods and reserve regulations. The reserve agencies include national reserve agencies and local reserve agencies. The reserve commodities include national reserves, local reserves, statutory minimum stocks of enterprises, household storage and futures. National reserves include national strategic reserves, national general reserves, special national reserves and national emergency reserves. The reserve laws and regulations are divided into general legislation on national reserves, special legislation and various administrative regulations, local reserve laws and regulations, and the storage, storage and use of various specific reserve commodities. At present, the management system for national reserves, the reserve commodities, the legal system, and the safekeeping methods all require vigorous reforms and adjustments. What to reserve depends on what needs to be done and should be adjusted as needed. State reserves are the main body of an important commodity reserve system. The five categories of commodities to be reserved by the state reserve include grain, petroleum, cotton, sugar, edible vegetable oil, pork, salt, tobacco leaves, tea, wool, cashmere, fertilizer, pesticides and some Emergency reserve goods. How much of a commodity reserve is determined by subtracting the total supply expected from the total supply. According to estimates, this newspaper