对孤岛原油进行了组分分离，对从原油中分离出的界面活性组分、胶质和沥青质进行了分离和结构初步鉴定，研究了他们的碱水乳化性能。结果表明：原油组分的乳化活性随着极性的增强而增强。脂肪有机酸是孤岛原油界面活性物质的主要组分。沥青质、胶质都含有乳化活性物质，具有乳化性质，其中含羰基（ 脂肪羰基和芳香羰基） 、芳香碳碳双键的化合物对乳化性能和乳状液的稳定性起重要作用。 The components of Gudao crude oil were separated and the active components, gums and asphaltenes isolated from the crude oil were separated and their structures were initially identified. Their alkaline water emulsification properties were studied. The results showed that the emulsifying activity of crude oil components increased with the increase of polarity. Fatty organic acids are the main components of island crude oil interfacial actives. Asphaltenes and gums all contain emulsifying active substances, and have emulsifying properties. Among them, compounds containing carbonyl groups (aliphatic carbonyl groups and aromatic carbonyl groups) and aromatic carbon-carbon double bonds play an important role in emulsifying properties and emulsion stability.