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麻疹(Measles)是由麻疹病毒引起的急性、全身性、发疹性传染病。麻疹在全世间广泛流行,曾是儿童死亡的首要原因。1963年麻疹减毒活疫苗(measleslive attenuated vaccine,MLAV)使用以来,随着接种覆盖率的提高,世界多数地区成功控制了麻疹的发病。我国自1965年应用麻疹减毒活疫苗给8月龄以上儿童计划接种以来,麻疹发病率大大降低,有效控制了麻疹流行[1]。
Measles is an acute, systemic, eruptive infection caused by the measles virus. Measles is widespread throughout the world and has been the leading cause of child mortality. Since the introduction of the measles-attenuated attenuated vaccine (MLAV) in 1963, the incidence of measles has been successfully controlled in most parts of the world with increased vaccination coverage. Since the plan to vaccinate children over eight months of age from live attenuated measles vaccine in 1965 in China, the incidence of measles has been greatly reduced and the epidemic of measles has been effectively controlled [1].