海洋学是研究占地球表面十分之七的汪洋大海的各种自然现象及其与人类生产实践关系的科学,研究范围包括海水的物理、化学性质和运动规律,海洋和大气的交换过程及相互作用,海洋里的各种生命现象及其与环境之间的相互关系,海岸及海底的形态、沉积和构造以及海洋形成和演变的历史等等,并通过这些研究为国防、航运、水产生产、气象预报、矿产资源开发等方面服务。自古以来,海洋特别是海岸带及近海区,就为沿海劳动人民提供了重要的生活资料——“渔盐之利”。随着海洋捕捞实践的发展, Oceanography is the study of various natural phenomena that account for seven-tenths of the surface of the Earth’s oceans and the science of their relation to human production practice. The scope of the study covers the physical, chemical and movement laws of seawater, the exchange of oceans and atmosphere, The various phenomena of life in the oceans and their relations with the environment, the morphology, sedimentation and structure of the seabed and the sea floor, the history of the formation and evolution of the oceans and so on. Through these researches, Weather forecasting, mineral resources development and other services. Since ancient times, the sea, especially the coastal areas and the offshore areas, has provided the coastal working people with important living materials - “fishing benefits.” With the development of marine fishing practices,