A method of LEO autonomous navigation is presented based on the nonlinear satellite velocity relative to the earth. The velocity is detected by a high-speed cam
A three degree-of-freedom (DOF) ultrasonic motor (USM) with a cylinder-shaped stator and a spherical rotor is introduced, which uses one first order longitudina
Because of the ignored items after linearization, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) becomes a form of suboptimal gradient descent algorithm. The emanative tenden