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BACKGROUND:?Selection? of? drugs? for? antiviral? therapy?of? patients? with? hepatitis? B? virus? (HBV)-related? acute-on-chronic?liver?failure?(ACLF)?remains?difficult.?This?study?was?undertaken? to? evaluate? the? short-term? efficacy? of? entecavir?versus? lamivudine? on? hepatitis? B? e? antigen? (HBeAg)-negative?patients?with?ACLF. METHODS:?? The? data? of? 182? HBeAg-negative? patients? with?ACLF?were?retrospectively?collected?from?patient?profiles?of?the?hospital.? In? these? patients,? 93? HBeAg-negative? patients? with?ACLF?were?treated?orally?with?0.5?mg?of?entecavir?and?89?were?treated?orally?with?100?mg?of?lamivudine?every?day.?The?gender?and? age? were? matched? between? the? two? groups.? Biochemical?items,?the?model?for?end-stage?liver?disease?(MELD)?score,?and?HBV?DNA?level?were?matched?at?baseline?between?the?two?groups?and? monitored? during? treatment.? The? 3-month? mortalities? of?the?two?groups?were?compared. RESULTS:?No?significant?differences?were?found?in?biochemical?items,?MELD?score,?and?HBV?DNA?level?at?baseline?(P>0.05).?HBV? DNA? level? decreased? within? 3? months? in? both? groups?(P0.05),? but? related? to? a?3-month?mortality?in?both?groups?(both?P