论文部分内容阅读
为准确掌握刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)和多花刺槐(Robinia neo-mexicana var.luxurians Dieck)开花结实有性生殖生物学特性,为杂交育种奠定基础,对这两种刺槐的开花物候期、花器官形态结构、人工控制授粉结实率、自然授粉结实率、自花授粉结实率、孤雌生殖结实率、子房胚珠数和空胚率等开展了观测和试验研究。结果表明,刺槐和多花刺槐在鲁中至鲁南地区的开花物候期在4月下旬至5月上旬;刺槐始花期只有1 d,盛花期2 d,末花期2~3 d,而多花刺槐始花期2 d,盛花期3 d,末花期4 d;雌、雄蕊异熟;刺槐自然授粉结实率个体之间差异显著,平均结实率为26.02%,而多花刺槐自然授粉结实率极低,平均仅为0.11%,因此只适宜做杂交父本;刺槐种内无性系之间人工控制异花授粉结实率平均只有1.7%,而刺槐种间人工控制异花授粉结实率只有0.21%;刺槐自花授粉和孤雌生殖结实率分别是1.8%和0;刺槐每个荚果胚珠数平均18个,空胚率很高,平均达53.94%,而多花刺槐每个荚果胚珠数平均22个,空胚率极高,平均达87.61%;刺槐自胚珠受精至种子生长发育成熟需要80~90 d,而多花刺槐仅需要70~80 d。
In order to accurately understand the reproductive biological characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Robinia neo-mexicana var. Luxurians Dieck, lay a foundation for hybrid breeding, Morphology and structure of the organ, artificial control of pollination rate, natural pollination rate, self-pollination rate, parthenogenesis rate, ovary ovule number and empty embryo rate were observed and experimental study. The results showed that the flowering phenophase of Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia pseudoacacia in Lizhong to Lunnan was from late April to early May. The flowering period of Robinia pseudoacacia was only 1 day, and the flowering stage was 2 days and the flowering stage was 2 ~ 3 days. Robinia pseudoacacia initial flowering 2 d, full flowering 3 d, flowering 4 d; female, stamens different ripe; Robinia pseudoacacia natural pollination rate between individuals significant difference, the average seed setting rate was 26.02%, while the Robinia pseudoacacia natural pollination rate is very low , Only an average of only 0.11%, so it is only suitable for hybrid parents; Acacia species within the artificial controlled cross-pollination rate of seedlings on average only 1.7%, while Acacia species artificial control cross-pollination seed setting rate of only 0.21% The percentage of self-pollination and parthenogenetic seed setting was 1.8% and 0, respectively. The number of ovules per locus was 18 on average, and the number of empty embryos was very high (53.94%), while the average number of ovules per locus was 22 The empty embryo rate was extremely high, with an average of 87.61%. It took 80 ~ 90 days for R. pseudoacacia to germinate from ovule fertilization to seed growth and maturity, while A. latifolia only needed 70-80 days.