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改革开放以来,中国通过贸易自由化和引进外资,推进与世界经济的一体化。2001年加入世界贸易组织以后,其进程进一步加快。2003年的出口比上一年增加34.6%,达到4383.7亿美元,进口增加39.9%,达到4128.4亿美元。进出口总额合计8512.1亿美元,尽管差额不大。但还是首次超过日本的8511.7亿美元,使中国一举超过了英国、法国以及日本,成为仅次于美国和德国的世界第三大贸易国。但是,鉴于中国对外国资本和加工贸易的依存度很高,因此,在评价中国经济实力的时候,有必要对这些数字进行打折。中国企业处在“微笑曲线”最下端中国贸易扩大的基本背景是,近些年来,随着模块化生产技术的革新,企业间和国际间的分工形式发生了很大变化。为了削减成本,跨国公司争相把以低附加值生产工序为中心的生产转向发展中国家。在这一潮流当中,中国迅速成为委托加工的基地。
Since the reform and opening up, China has promoted its integration with the world economy through trade liberalization and the introduction of foreign capital. After joining the World Trade Organization in 2001, its progress has been further accelerated. Exports in 2003 increased by 34.6% over the previous year to 438.37 billion U.S. dollars while imports increased by 39.9% to reach 4.1284 billion U.S. dollars. Total import and export totaled 851.21 billion U.S. dollars, though the difference is small. But for the first time exceeded Japan’s 851.17 billion U.S. dollars, surpassing Britain, France and Japan in one fell swoop and becoming China’s third largest trading nation after the United States and Germany. However, in light of China’s high dependence on foreign capital and processing trade, it is necessary to discount these figures when assessing China’s economic strength. Chinese enterprises are at the bottom of “smile curve ” The basic background of China’s trade expansion is that in recent years, with the innovation of modular production technology, the division of labor between enterprises and countries has undergone great changes. In order to reduce costs, multinational corporations are vying to shift their production centered on low-value-added manufacturing processes to developing countries. In this trend, China quickly became the commissioned processing base.