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利用三维数字图像相关技术(3D-DIC)观测系统研究单轴压缩状态下带中心圆孔花岗岩岩板的破坏全过程,得到了含孔洞岩石破坏过程中观测面的三维全场位移和应变,不仅能够直观地反映岩石表面裂隙的产生、扩展及相互连通的演化过程,亦能够确定裂纹的位置、形态以及扩展方向等具体信息,还能重现加载过程中试样表面的压缩(平行荷载方向)、剥离(垂直荷载方向)、膨胀及剥落(垂直试样表面方向)。结果表明:3D-DIC技术在岩土力学试验中有其独特的优势,岩石材料破坏过程中应变场的演化能较好地反映其内部裂纹的产生和扩展规律。根据全场应变云图可以判断岩石裂纹扩展演化的情况;裂纹的演化具有强烈的非线性特征,在试样接近破坏时形成的“X”型对称变形局部化带,最终只形成一条宏观破坏带,荷载方向、岩石结构及其内部的非均匀性都会对最终宏观破裂带的位置产生影响;利用3D-DIC观测系统进行岩石变形破坏机制的研究是有效的,可为岩土介质宏细观变形破坏机制的研究提供重要的借鉴。
Using the 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) observing system, the whole process of failure of granite slab with central circular hole under uniaxial compression was studied, and the three-dimensional full-field displacement and strain of the observed surface in the process of rock failure with holes were obtained. It can directly reflect the generation, propagation and intercommunication evolution of rock surface fissures. It can also determine the location, form and direction of cracks, and also can reproduce the compression (parallel load direction) of specimen surface during loading. , Peel (vertical load direction), expansion and peeling (vertical sample surface direction). The results show that the 3D-DIC technique has its own unique advantages in rock and soil mechanics tests. The evolution of strain field in the process of rock material failure can well reflect the internal crack growth and propagation. According to the whole stratigraphic strain map, the evolution of the crack propagation in the rock can be judged. The evolution of the crack has a strong non-linear characteristic. When the specimen is close to destruction, the symmetrical deformed deformation zone of “X” Belt, load direction, rock structure and its internal heterogeneity will affect the position of the final macroscopic rupture zone. The study on the deformation and failure mechanism of rock using 3D-DIC observation system is effective, Deformation and destruction mechanism to provide an important reference.