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许多涉及中国北部边界地理和防御的明代著作中都包含一个约收有三十种蒙古部落或准部落名称的名单。所有这些书中的名单显然或是互为来源,或是来自同一个出处,尽管现在还不能确定那最初的出处是什么。但是,由于那些汉文转写的蒙古部落名称根本未被汉族编辑或汇编者所理解,因此在抄写过程中不可避免地混进很多讹误。显然,有时汉字被遗漏或妄加了,而有时则以字形和结构相似,但读音完全不同的其他词来替换了。这使得对原文的构拟多少带有冒险性,甚至是不可能的。
Many Ming works covering the geography and defense of the northern border in China include a list of about 30 Mongolian tribes or quasi-tribes. The lists in all these books are clearly either from each other or from the same source, although it is not yet clear what the original source was. However, since the names of Mongolian tribes written in Chinese are not understood by the Han editors or compilers at all, a lot of corruption is inevitably involved in copying. Obviously, sometimes Chinese characters are omitted or improper, but sometimes replaced by other words that are similar in shape and structure but completely different in pronunciation. This makes the formulation of the original text somewhat risk-taking, or even impossible.