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为了探究适用于低温推进剂在轨加注的相关技术与方案,通过文献调研与对比分析,介绍国内外在轨加注技术的研究现状,梳理低温推进剂在轨加注的关键技术,研究现有加注技术与方案对低温推进剂的适用性,并提出我国开展相关研究的思路与方向。研究表明:1)气液分离、蒸发量控制、质量测量和流体驱动循环等技术是直接影响推进剂在轨加注系统结构与加注性能的关键技术;2)低温推进剂具有沸点低、表面张力小等特殊性,对气液分离、系统热防护等技术的性能要求更高;3)表面张力式气液分离、纤维镜或射频质量检测、多层隔热材料、热力学排气系统(TVS)以及无排气加注等先进技术方案对低温流体和微重力环境均具有更好的适用性,将成为实现低温推进剂在轨加注的关键突破口。
In order to explore the relevant technologies and schemes for on-orbit injection of cryogenic propellants, the current research status of in-orbit injection technology at home and abroad is introduced through literature research and comparative analysis, and the key technologies of in-orbit injection of cryogenic propellants are reviewed. Applicability of filling technology and scheme to cryogenic propellants and the ideas and directions for carrying out related research in our country. The research shows that: 1) Gas-liquid separation, evaporation control, mass measurement and fluid-driven circulation are the key technologies that directly affect the structure and filling performance of in-rail injection system; 2) Cryogenic propellants have the characteristics of low boiling point, Tension and other special characteristics of the gas-liquid separation, system thermal protection and other technologies require higher performance; 3) surface tension gas-liquid separation, fiber mirror or radio frequency quality inspection, multilayer insulation materials, thermodynamic exhaust system ) And advanced technologies such as no-vent injection have better applicability to cryogenic fluids and micro-gravity environments and will become key breakthroughs for on-orbit injection of cryogenic propellants.