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在比利时,泥岩中地质处置是高放废物最终处置的首选。处置库在高放废物与生物圈之间的多重屏障基础上设计的,而 Boom 泥岩作为基岩的研究已有 20 多年历史。1980 年比利时做出重大决定,建立名为 HADES 的地下研究机构,以研究 Boom 泥岩在地下 223 m 处的力学性质,并调查和论证处置的可行性,为处置库屏障(天然和人工)提供可靠数据。在 HADES 的众多现场试验中,很多试验用来对基岩和工程屏障体系(包括封口和回填的可行性)的热–水–力性状进行研究,包括 CACTUS,ATLAS,BACCHUS 和 RESEAL 等项目。自 1995 年以来,研究开发计划向大型和示范性试验方向发展。最主要成果是运用工业技术建立地下研究设施(竖井和井巷)可行性得到了验证,且这种工业技术给研究提供一个较好机会,便于进一步认识基岩泥岩(CLIPEX 方案)的水–力性状及了解隧道开挖工程(SELFRAC 课题)对挖掘破坏区的影响。另一个重大成果是成功地实现对一种称为“OPHELE”的预制膨润土(人工屏障材料)加热和水化地面大型试验。下一步工作内容包括实现大尺寸现场加热器试验(PRACLAY 试验),此试验预计于 2006 年开始,并可持续 10 a 之久。据此,首先简要描述比利时高放废物处置库设计,然后回顾 Boom 泥岩和工程屏障体系的热–水–力性状相关试验,最后介绍下一步大规模 PRACLAY 试验。
In Belgium, geological disposal of mudstones is the first choice for final disposal of HLW. The repository was designed on the basis of multiple barriers between HLW and the biosphere, and the Boom mudstone has been the bedrock for more than 20 years. In 1980 Belgium made a significant decision to establish an underground research institute called HADES to study the mechanical properties of the Boom mudstone at a depth of 223 m underground and to investigate and demonstrate the feasibility of disposal to provide reliable and reliable treatment of repository barriers (both natural and man-made) data. Among the many HADES field trials, many tests have been conducted to investigate the thermo-hydro-mechanical properties of bedrock and engineering barrier systems, including the feasibility of sealing and backfilling, including projects such as CACTUS, ATLAS, BACCHUS and RESEAL. Since 1995, research and development programs have evolved toward large-scale and demonstration-based testing. The main achievement was the feasibility of using industrial technology to establish underground research facilities (silos and shafts) and the industrial technology provided a good opportunity for research to further understand the water-force of the bedrock shale (CLIPEX scheme) Traits and understand the impact of tunnel excavation (SELFRAC project) on the excavation of damaged areas. Another major achievement is the successful achievement of a large scale ground test of a heated and hydrated pre-bentonite (artificial barrier material) called “OPHELE”. The next step includes the implementation of a large-scale field heater test (PRACLAY test), which is scheduled to start in 2006 and last for 10 years. Accordingly, a brief description of the design of the HLW repository in Belgium will be followed by a review of the thermo-hydro-hydrodynamic testing of the Boom mudstone and the engineering barrier system, followed by the next large-scale PRACLAY test.