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目的：探讨麻黄素对雌鼠血液雌二醇（ E2）、肾上腺素（ EPI）浓度和卵巢组织结构及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。方法受孕雌鼠分别腹腔注射（2g/L、4g/L、6g/L）麻黄素溶液和等量的生理盐水，采用ELISA法检测15d、20d、25d雌鼠血浆中EPI与E2浓度的变化，用比色法检测卵巢SOD活性及MDA含量的变化，称量检测卵巢的重量变化，用生物显微技术观察卵巢组织结构的变化，统计卵巢各级卵泡的数量。结果实验组雌鼠血浆中的E2含量降低，EPI含量显著升高，并呈现剂量依赖性，卵巢SOD活性降低，MDA含量显著升高；实验组卵巢的重量明显低于对照组，初级卵泡、次级卵泡和闭锁卵泡数量均增多；黄体数量减少；实验组卵巢固缩，结构不完整，卵母细胞萎缩，颗粒细胞变性、降解，排列疏松、紊乱，黄体结构模糊，颗粒黄体细胞核固缩。结论麻黄素影响雌鼠卵巢的组织结构和功能，这可能与卵巢中SOD活性下降有关。“,”Objective To explore effects of ephedrine on epinephrine (EPI) and estradiol( E2)concentration in blood, histological structures and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content in the ovary of female mice.Methods Pregnant female mice in the experimental group were treated with ephedrine (2g/L,4g/L, 6g/L), and the mice in the control group were treated with saline by intraperitoneal injection .Using ELISA method to detect concentration changes of EPI and E 2 in plasma, the changes in the enzymatic activity of SOD and MDA content were analyzed by colorimetry .The ovarian weight was measured , histological structures in ovary were observed by microscopy and the number of ovarian follicles were counted .Results EPI concentration in plasma of female mice increased , and the E2 concentration decreased dose-dependently in the experimental group .The activities of SOD were lower , and MDA content significantly increased compared to the control .The ovary weight of experimental groups was lower than the control group.The numbers of primary follicle , secondary follicle and atretic follicle increased and corpus luteum decreased in the experimental groups .There were pyknotic ovarian tissues , including oocyte ateophy , degradation granulose cells , and karyopyknotic granulose lutein cells in the experimental groups .Conclusion Ephedrine has a great effect on the ovarian histological structure and ovarian function of female mice , which may be correlated with the low activities of SOD .