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采集青岛市大沽河下游潜水含水层的砂样为代表性含水介质,测定样品的组成和性质。设计渗流试验,考察介质不同渗流段渗透性的动态变化。利用PCR和DGGE技术鉴定了造成含水介质堵塞的微生物优势菌群,分析了不同渗流段微生物对营养物和氧的利用情况,探讨了含水介质微生物堵塞过程及机理。研究结果表明,生物堵塞程度随着渗流距离的增加而减缓,含水介质的渗透性呈现明显的非均质性。微生物经过短暂的适应期,快速进入生长、繁殖阶段,含水介质微生物堵塞迅速形成;造成含水介质微生物堵塞的优势菌群为甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)、紫色杆菌属(Janthinobacterium)、耶尔森菌属(Yersinia)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、食酸菌属(Acidovorax)。其中,甲基杆菌属、紫色杆菌属、葡萄球菌属和食酸菌属均为产黏细菌(Myxobacterium);含水介质中存在微生物的繁衍、代谢等生命活动。进水营养液为好氧微生物的生长、繁殖提供了充足的氧气,好氧细菌生长旺盛,并大量分泌胞外聚合物,导致进水段微生物堵塞程度最严重。
Sand samples taken from the submerged aquifer in the downstream of Dagu River in Qingdao City were taken as representative aqueous media to determine the composition and properties of samples. The seepage test is designed to investigate the dynamic changes of permeability in different seepage sections. The dominant microflora that caused the plugging of aqueous medium was identified by PCR and DGGE. The utilization of nutrients and oxygen by microorganisms in different seepage sections was analyzed, and the plugging process and mechanism of microorganisms in aqueous medium were discussed. The results showed that the degree of bio-clogging slowed down with the increase of seepage distance, and the permeability of aqueous medium showed obvious heterogeneity. After a short period of adaptation, the microorganisms quickly entered the stage of growth and reproduction, and the plugging of microorganisms in the aqueous medium rapidly formed. The dominant bacteria that caused the plugging of microorganisms in aqueous medium were Methylobacterium, Janthinobacterium, Yersinia, Staphylococcus, Acidovorax. Among them, Methylobacillus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Acidobacter are Myxobacterium; there are microorganisms such as reproduction and metabolism in aqueous media. Water nutrient solution for aerobic microorganisms to provide adequate growth and reproduction of oxygen, aerobic bacteria vigorous growth, and the secretion of extracellular polymers, leading to water intake of the most serious microbial plug.